PART TWO

STATE OF WAR

Francis Asbury and Circuit Riders

Asbury, Francis. The Journals and Letters of Francis Asbury. 3 vols. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1958.

Ball, Frank. "The Old Circuit Rider," West Virginia Review 12 (August 1935): 346-347.

Earl, J. A. "Methodism in Guyandotte," West Virginia Review 21 (September 1944): 7-9.

Lewis, Virgil A. "Methodism in West Virginia 1800-1825," West Virginia History 3 (October 1941): 18-58.

Sherwood, Lawrence. "Bishop Frances Asbury in West Virginia," West Virginia History 21 (January 1960): 76-83.

Sweet, William Warren. Circuit-Rider Days Along the Ohio, Being the Journals of the Ohio Conference from Its Organization in 1812 to 1826. New York: Methodist Book Concern, 1923.


Religion

Alderson, Emma Frances, ed. "The Minutes of the Greenbrier Baptist Church, 1781-1832," West Virginia History 7 (October 1945): 40-53.

Allen, Thomas P. The West Virginia Hills: A Study of the Work of the Presbyterian Church in the United States in the Synod of West Virginia. St. Louis: Buxton and Skinner, 1927.

Ball, Frank. "The Early Church in West Virginia," West Virginia Review 14 (December 1936): 100-103.

Barnes, I. A. The Methodist Protestant Church in West Virginia. Baltimore: Stockton Press, 1926.

Bartollas, Clem. "History of the First Presbyterian Church of Wheeling," Davis and Elkins Historical Magazine 9 (May 1957): 23-27.

Brand, Irene Beard. A History of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, Huntington, West Virginia, 1872-1972. Huntington: Scaggs Printing Co. [1972].

Breckman, Clarence W. "Christ Church Parish [Fairmont]," West Virginia Review 12 (June 1935): 269, 283.

Brown, D. D. "Nearly 167 Years of Methodism in the Tygarts Valley," Randolph County Historical Society. Magazine of History and Biography 11 (1954): 91-95.

Carpenter, Charles. "Old Churches of West Virginia," West Virginia Review 8:8 (May 1931): 26-261, 277.

Cobb, W. H. "Presbyterianism in the Tygarts Valley," Magazine of History-Biography of the Randolph County Historical Society No. 2. (1925): 26-36.

Cramblet, Wilbur H. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in West Virginia: A History of Its Cooperative Work. Saint Louis: Bethany Press, 1971.

"Greenbrier County Centennial Churches (1963)," Journal of the Greenbrier Historical Society 2 (1972): 3-63.

Photiadis, John and B. B. Maurer. Religion in an Appalachian State. Morgantown: 1974. (West Virginia University. West Virginia Center for Appalachian Studies and Development. Research Report 6).

Royall, Anne. Sketches of History, Life, and Manners in the United States. New Haven: printed for the author, 1826.


Snake Handling

Ambrose, Kenneth Paul. "A Survey of the Snakehandling Cult of West Virginia," Thesis, Marshall University, 1970.

Burton, Thomas. Serpent-Handling Believers. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.

Holliday, Robert Kelvin. Tests of Faith. Oakhill: Fayette Tribune, 1966.

La Barre, Weston. They Shall take Up Serpents. New York: Schocken Books, 1962.

Pelton, Robert W., and Karen W. Carden. Snake Handlers: God-Fearers, or Fanatics? Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1974.


THE MOUNTAIN BREEZE

The National Road

Chadnoff, Nicki. "The Saga of the National Road," Wonderful West Virginia 56 (April 1992): 8-12.

Jordan, Philip D. The National Road. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1978.

The National Road: Maryland, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994.

Schnieder, Norris F. The National Road: Main Street of America. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1975.

Searight, Thomas B. The Old Pike: An Illustrated Narrative of the National Road. Orange: Green Tree Press, 1971.

Smith, Catherine B. "The Terminus of the Cumberland Road on the Ohio," West Virginia History 14 (April 1953): 193-264.


Wheeling

Ainsworth, Elizabeth Y. and Robert G. Ainsworth. Wheeling, A Pictorial History. Norfolk: Donning Co., 1977. (Chiefly illustrations.)

Boyd, Peter. History of Northern West Virginia Panhandle, Embracing Ohio, Marshall, Brooke and Hancock Counties. Topeka: Historical Publishing Co., 1927.

Milton, Charles J. Landmarks of Old Wheeling and Surrounding Country, A Record of Post-Colonial Wheeling. Wheeling: n.p., 1943. (Chiefly illustrations.)

Newton, J. H., G. G. Nichols, and A. G. Sprankle. History of the Panhandle; Being Historical Collections of the Counties of Ohio, Brooke, Marshall, and Hancock, West Virginia, With Illustrations. Wheeling: J. A. Caldwell, 1879. Reprinted Evansville: Unigraphic, 1973.

Nodyne, Kenneth R. "A Vignette of Wheeling During the Early Republic (1783-1840)," West Virginia History 40 (Fall 1978): 47-54.


Alexander Campbell

Eames, S. Morris. The Philosophy of Alexander Campbell. Bethany: Bethany College, 1965.

Fitch, Algee M. Alexander Campbell, Preacher of Reform and Reformer of Preacher. Austin: Sweet Publishing Co., 1970.

Gresham, Perry E. "Campbell Country," Wonderful West Virginia 41 (June 1977): 29-31.

Gresham, Perry E. "Proud Heritage," West Virginia History 15 (January 1954): 99-117.

Morrison, John L. "Alexander Campbell: Frontier Fighter of the Middle Frontier," West Virginia History 37 (July 1976): 291-308.

Morrison, John L. "Alexander Campbell: Moral Educator of the Middle Frontier," West Virginia History 36 (April 1975): 187-201.

Morrison, John L. "The Centrality of the Bible in Alexander Campbell's Thought and Life," West Virginia History 35 (April 1974): 185-204.

Morrison, John L. "A Rational Voice Crying in the Wilderness," West Virginia History 34 (January 1973): 125-140.


GATEWAY TO FREEDOM

Slavery

Ambler, Charles Henry. Sectionalism in Virginia from 1776-1861. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1910.

Bean, William G. "The Ruffner Pamphlet of 1847: An Anti-Slavery Aspect of Virginia Sectionalism," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 61 (July 1953): 260-282.

Emmerth, Barbara L. "Slavery in Present West Virginia in 1860," West Virginia History 21 (July 1960): 275-277.

Hedrick, Charles Embury. Social and Economic Aspects of Slavery in the Transmontane prior to 1850. Nashville: George Peabody College for Teachers, 1927.

Sheeler, John Reuben. "The Spirit of Freedom in Western Virginia After 1800," West Virginia History 17 (July 1956): 285-303.

Stealey, John Edmund, III. "Slavery and the Western Virginia Salt Industry," Journal of Negro History 17 (April 1974): 105-131.

Talbott, Forrest. "Some Legislative and Legal Aspects of the Negro Question in West Virginia During the Civil War and Reconstruction," West Virginia History 24 (October 1962): 1-31; 24 (January 1963): 110-133; 24 (April 1963): 211-247.

Taylor, Alrutheus A. "Making West Virginia a Free State," Journal of Negro History 6 (April 1921): 131-173.


Natural Springs

Bauer, Byrne. "Rubbing Elbows with the Past at Old White Sulphur Springs," West Virginia Review 15 (March 1938): 166-167, 89.

Cohen, Stan. Historic Springs of the Virginias: A Pictorial History. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1981.

Conte, Robert S. The History of the Greenbrier: America's Resort. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1989.

Humphreys, Blanche. "Blue Sulphur Springs," West Virginia History 11 (October 1949-January 1950): 70-73.

Hunter, Thomas M. "Two Famous Springs of Eastern West Virginia," West Virginia History 6 (January 1945): 193-204.

Kidd, James R. "The History of Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County," West Virginia History 15 (April 1954): 187-257.

Logan, Frances. The Old Sweet: Biography of a Spring. Roanoke: Lithographed by Hammonds Printing and Litho. Works, 1940.

"Medicinal Waters," West Virginia Review 10 (July 1933): 298, 305.

Miller, Irene. "Blue Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County," West Virginia Review 4 (May 1927): 308-309, 320.

Reniers, Perceval. The Springs of Virginia: Live, Love and Death at the Waters, 1775-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press, 1941.


THE ENNOBLING HAND

David Hunter Strother ("Porte Crayon")

Eby, Cecil D. "`Porte Crayon' and the Local Color Movement in West Virginia," West Virginia History 20 (April 1959): 151-162.

Eby, Cecil. D. "`Porte Crayon's' Quarrel with Virginia," West Virginia History 21 (January 1960): 65-75.

Eby, Cecil D. "A West Virginian in Europe: The Apprenticeship of `Porte Crayon,' 1840-1843," West Virginia History 19 (July 1958): 279.

Preble, Jack. "Introducing Porte Crayon," West Virginia History 31 (January 1970): 125-131.

Preble, Jack. "Old Glory and Mt. Porte Crayon," West Virginia History 31 (January 1970): 123-137.


Rebecca Harding

Harding, Rebecca. Life in the Iron Mills. New York: Feminist Press, 1972.

Harding, Rebecca. Life in the Iron Mills, and Other Stories. New York: Feminist Press, 1985.


JOHN BROWN

Abels, Jules. Man on Fire: John Brown and the Cause of Liberty. New York: Macmillan Co.,1971.

Barmann, Lawrence F. "John Brown at Harpers Ferry: A Contemporary Analysis," West Virginia History 22 (April 1961): 141-158.

Boyer, Richard Owen. The Legend of John Brown: a Biography and a History. New York: Knopf, 1973.

DeWitt, Robert M. The Life, Trial and Execution of John Brown. New York: Da Capo Press, 1969.

Graham, Lorenz. John Brown's Raid: A Picture History of the Attack on Harper's Ferry, Virginia. New York: Scholastic Book Service, 1972.

Iger, Eve Marie. John Brown: His Soul Goes Marching On. New York: Young Scott Books, 1969.

Nolan, Jeannette C., John Brown. New York: Julian Messner, 1972.

Oates, Stephen B. To Purge This Land with Blood: A Biography of John Brown. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.


TRUE VIRGINIANS

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

Alexander, Holmes. The Hidden Years of Stonewall Jackson. Richwood: West Virginia Press Club, 1981.

Casdorph, Paul D. Lee and Jackson: Confederate Chieftains. New York: Paragon House, 1992.

Chambers, Lenoir. Stonewall Jackson. 2 vols. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1959.

Chambers, Lenoir. Stonewall Jackson and the Virginia Military Institute: The Lexington Years. Lexington: Historic Lexington Foundation, 1959. (A reprint of Chambers' Stonewall Jackson vol.1, chaps 1-6.)

Cook, Roy Bird. The Family and Early Life of Stonewall Jackson. Charleston: Education Foundation, 1967.

David, Burke. They Called Him Stonewall. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1954.


Battle of Philippi

Bowman, Forest J. "The Civil War `Philippi Affair'," Wonderful West Virginia 36 (May 1973): 7-11.

Conley, Phil. "The First Land battle of the Civil War," West Virginia History 20 (January 1959): 120-123.

Fahrion, Michael. "Philippi - First Land Battle of the Civil War," Wonderful West Virginia 48 (August 1984): 23-27.


APPLY THE KNIFE

Statehood

Alexander, W. F. "The Separation of Virginia," West Virginia Review 16 (September 1939): 370-372, 379-381.

Ambler, Charles Henry. Francis H. Pierpont, Union War Governor of Virginia and Father of West Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937.

Ambler, Charles Henry. Sectionalism in Virginia from 1776 to 1861. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1910.

Ambler, Charles H. Waitman Thomas Willey: Orator, churchman, Humanitarian. Huntington: Standard Printing and Publishing Co., 1954.

Curry, Richard Orr. A House Divided: A Study of Statehood Politics and the Copperhead Movement in West Virginia. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964.

"The Dismemberment of Virginia: A Chronological Arrangement of Historical Documents Relating to the Secession of Virginia, the Establishment of the Restored Government, and the Formation of a New State," West Virginia Blue Book (1917): 259-286.

Hall, Granville D. The Rending of Virginia, A History. Chicago: Mayer and Miller, 1902.

"How West Virginia Became a State," West Virginia Review 14 (February 1937): 170-171, 187.

Lewis, Virgil A. "How West Virginia Became a Member of the Federal Union," West Virginia History 30 (July 1969): 598-606.

Lewis, Virgil Anson. How West Virginia Was Made: Proceedings of the First Convention of the People of Northwestern Virginia at Wheeling May 13, 14, and 15, 1861 and the Journal of the Second Convention of the People of Northwestern Virginia at Wheeling, Which Assembled, June 11, 1861 . . .. Charleston: Newspaper Mail Co., Public Printer, 1909.

McGregor, James C. The Disruption of Virginia. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1922.

Moore, George E. "Slavery as a Factor in the Formation of West Virginia," West Virginia History 18 (October 1956): 5-89.

Moore, George E. A Banner in the Hills: West Virginia's Statehood. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963.


CRUSH OF WORLDS

Civil War in West Virginia

Barr, Henrietta. The Civil War Diary of Mrs. Henrietta Fitzhugh Barr (Barre), 1862-1863, Ravenswood, Virginia (West Virginia). Edited by Sallie Kiger Winn. Marietta: Marietta College, 1963.

Bright, Simeon M. "The McNeill Rangers: A Study in Confederate Guerrilla Warfare," West Virginia History 12 (July 1951): 338-394.

Brown, Genevieve. "A History of the Sixth Regiment West Virginia Infantry Volunteers," West Virginia History 9 (July 1948): 315-368.

"Civil War Centennial Issue," Randolph County Historical Society. Magazine of History and Biography 12 (1961).

Cohen, Stan. The Civil War in West Virginia: A Pictorial History. Missoula: Gateway Printing and Litho., 1976, revised ed., 1982.

Cook, Roy Bird. "Battlefields of West Virginia," West Virginia Blue Book 18 (1934): 471-481. (A chronological list of military engagements in West Virginia 1756-1865.)

DeLauter, Roger U. McNeill's Rangers. Lynchburg: H. E. Howard, 1986.

Dickinson, Jack L. Confederate Soldiers of Western Virginia. Barboursville: J.L. Dickinson, 1986.

Dickinson, Jack L. Records of the 16th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, Confederate States Army: Composed of Col. Ferguson's (Guyandotte) Battalion and Major Caldwell's Battalion. Barboursville: J.L. Dickinson, 1984.

Dickinson, Jack L. Tattered Uniforms and Bright Bayonets: West Virginia's Confederate Soldiers. Huntington: Marshall University Library Associates, 1995. (A complete listing of all known West Virginians who served in the Confederate forces.)

Egan, Michael. The Flying, Gray-Haired Yank: or, the Adventures of a Volunteer . . . A True Narrative of the Civil War. Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1888. (Roster of Company B., 15th Regiment West Virginia Infantry Volunteers.)

Gainer, Rosemary L. The Civil War in Gilmer County, West Virginia. Grantsville: Red Clay Press, 1991.

Geiger, Joe Jr. Civil War in Cabell County, West Virginia 1861-1865. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1991.

"Greenbrier in the Civil War," Journal of the Greenbrier Historical Society 1 (1968): 7-76.

Hays, Rutherford B. Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States. Edited by Charles Richard Williams. 5 vols. Columbus: Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, 1922-1926.

Hewitt, William. History of the Twelfth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry; the Part It Took in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. 12th West Virginia Infantry Assn., 1892.

Hornbeck, Betty. Upshur Brothers of the Blue and Gray. Parsons: McClain Printing Co., 1967.

Jones, Allen W. "Military Events in West Virginia During the Civil War, 1861-1865," West Virginia History 21 (April 1960): 186-196.

Kincaid, Mary E. "Fayetteville, West Virginia During the Civil War," West Virginia History 14 (July 1953): 339-364.

Klement, Frank. "General John B. Floyd and the West Virginia Campaign of 1861," West Virginia History 8 (April 1947): 319-333.

Lang, Theodore F. Loyal West Virginia From 1861 to 1865 with an Introductory Chapter on the Status of Virginia for Thirty Years Prior to the War. Baltimore: Deutsch Pub. Co., 1895. (Includes histories and rosters of West Virginia regiments and biographical sketches of military leaders.)

Linger, James Carter. Confederate Military Units of West Virginia. Tulsa: J. C. Linger, 1989.

Lowry, Terry. The Battle of Scary Creek: Military Operations in the Kanawha Valley April-July 1861. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1982.

Lowry, Terry. September Blood: the Battle of Carnifax Ferry. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co., 1985.

Matheny, H. E. Major General Thomas Maley Harris; a Member of the Military Commission that Tried the President Abraham Lincoln Assassination Conspirators and Roster of the 10th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 1861-1865. Parsons: McClain Printing. Co., 1963.

Matheny, H. E. Wood County, West Virginia in Civil War Times: with an Account of the Guerrilla Warfare in the Little Kanawha Valley. Parkersburg: TransAllegheny Books, 1987.

McKinney, Tim. The Civil War in Fayette County, West Virginia. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co., 1988.

McKinney, Tim, Robert E. Lee at Sewell Mountain: The West Virginia Campaign. Charleston: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1990.

Military Operations in Jefferson County, Virginia (and West Virginia) 1861-1865. Published by authority of Jefferson County Camp, U.C.V. by Farmers Advocate Print, 1911.

Moore, George E. A Banner in the Hills: West Virginia's Statehood. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963.

Phillips, David L. War Diaries: the 1861 Kanawha Valley Campaigns. Leesburg: Gauley Mount Press, 1990.

Phillips, David L., ed. War Stories: Civil War in West Virginia. Leesburg: Gauley Mount Press, 1991.

Powell, William S. "Beginning of the Civil War in West Virginia," West Virginia Review 14 (March 1937): 200-201, 217.

Price, W. T. On to Grafton: An Account of One of the First Campaigns of the Civil War, May 1861. Marlington: n.p., 1901. (Includes roster of Highlanders and history of survivors.)

Richardson, Hila A. "Raleigh County, West Virginia in the Civil War," West Virginia History 10 (April 1949): 213-298.

Shaffer, John W. "Loyalties in Conflict: Union and Confederate Sentiment in Barbour County," West Virginia History 50 (1991): 109-128.

Shetler, Charles. West Virginia Civil War Literature: An Annotated Bibliography. Morgantown: West Virginia University Library, 1963.

Sifakis, Stewart. Compendium of the Confederate Armies. New York: Facts on File, 1992. (Volume 1 treats Virginia.)

Stutler, Boyd Blynn. West Virginians in the Civil War. Charleston, Education Foundation, 1963.

Summers, Festus P. "The Jones-Imboden Raid," West Virginia History: 1 (October 1939): 15-29.

Sutton, J. J. History of the Second Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry Volunteers During the War of the Rebellion. Huntington: Blue Acorn Press, 1992. (This reprint edition features an additional section of 55 recently discovered wartime photographs, showing regimental members and their commanders, many sporting the famous "Custer ties.")

Thomas, Joseph W. "The Campaigns of Generals McClellan and Rosecrans in Western Virginia, 1861-1862," West Virginia History 5 (July 1944): 245-308.

Williams, C. R. comp. Southern Sympathizers: Wood County Confederate Soldiers and a Sketch of the Nighthawk Rangers of Wood, Jackson, Wirt and Roane Counties in West Virginia. Pages from an old manuscript. Parkersburg: Inland River Books, 1979. (Biographies of Wood County Confederate soldiers and a history of Co. F., 17th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry, the Nighthawk Rangers.)

Williams, T. Harry. Hayes of the Twenty-Third: The Civil War Volunteer Officer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.

Winters, Joshua. Civil War Letters and Diary of Joshua Winters: A Private in the Union Army, Company G, First Western Virginia Volunteer Infantry. Parsons: McClain Print Co., 1991.


Mother's Day and Anna Jarvis

Johnson, James P. "Death, Grief and Motherhood: The Women Who Inspired Mother's Day," West Virginia History 39 (January/April 1978): 187-194.

Knotts, Ronald L. "Mothers' Day Shrine," Wonderful West Virginia 36 (May 1972): 4-6.

Tyler-McGraw, Marie. "`But After All Was She Not a Masterpiece as a Mother and a Gentlewoman,"' Goldenseal 3 (October-December 1977): 29-34.

Wolfe, Howard H. Mother's Day and the Mother's Day Church. Ft. Myers: H. H. Wolfe, 1962.


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