{"id":9405,"date":"2023-09-07T10:47:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T14:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/?page_id=9405"},"modified":"2025-10-22T12:16:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T16:16:28","slug":"universal-design-for-learning","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/universal-design-for-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal Design for Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The Framework<\/h2>\n<p>The Disability Act (2005) defines <strong>Universal Design<\/strong> as: The design and composition of an environment so that it may be accessed, understood, and used to the greatest possible extent in the widest possible range of situations without the need for adaptation, modification, assistive devices or specialized solutions, by any persons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Universal Design for Learning<\/strong> (UDL) is a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. UDL encourages educators to be proactive in considering the variability of learners from the outset of curriculum design, rather than retroactively adapting materials for specific students. This approach supports a wider range of learners, including those with disabilities, varying language proficiencies, and <a href=\"https:\/\/cft.vanderbilt.edu\/guides-sub-pages\/learning-styles-preferences\/\">distinct learning preferences<\/a>, helping to unlock their full potential and enhancing educational outcomes for everyone.<\/p>\n<p>The history of Universal Design for Learning can be traced back to several key milestones:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Universal Design (UD):<\/strong> The concept of Universal Design originated in the accessible architecture movement. Architects Ron Mace and Selwyn Goldsmith were among the pioneers who promoted the idea of designing spaces and products that are accessible and usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities or disabilities. The principles of UD emphasized the importance of flexibility, simplicity, and accommodating a wide range of users.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recognition of Diverse Learners:<\/strong> In the field of education, the 1990s saw a growing recognition of the diversity of students&#8217; abilities and needs. Researchers and educators started to focus on providing more individualized and inclusive instructional approaches. This recognition laid the foundation for the development of Universal Design for Learning.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emergence of UDL:<\/strong> The concept of Universal Design for Learning was further developed by researchers such as David Rose, Anne Meyer, and David H. Rose in the late 1990s at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cast.org\/impact\/universal-design-for-learning-udl\">Center for Applied Special Technology<\/a> (CAST). Their work aimed to apply the principles of universal design to education. They argued that just as architects design buildings to be accessible to people with different physical abilities, educators should design curriculum and instruction to be accessible to students with diverse learning needs, backgrounds, and abilities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Publication of &#8220;Universal Design for Learning Guidelines&#8221;:<\/strong> In 2002, CAST published the first version of the &#8220;Universal Design for Learning Guidelines,&#8221; outlining the three core principles of UDL:\u00a0 Multiple Means of <a href=\"https:\/\/udlguidelines.cast.org\/engagement\/?utm_source=castsite&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;utm_content=aboutudl&amp;_gl=1*fqzc0i*_ga*MjA2MTY5MTI1NC4xNjkyOTY5Nzc5*_ga_C7LXP5M74W*MTY5Mjk3NDU5OC4yLjEuMTY5Mjk3NDU5OS4wLjAuMA..\">Engagement<\/a>, Multiple Means of <a href=\"https:\/\/udlguidelines.cast.org\/representation\/?utm_source=castsite&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;utm_content=aboutudl&amp;_gl=1*u1n2l1*_ga*MjA2MTY5MTI1NC4xNjkyOTY5Nzc5*_ga_C7LXP5M74W*MTY5Mjk5NDg4NS4zLjEuMTY5Mjk5NDkwNi4wLjAuMA..\">Representation<\/a>, and Multiple Means of <a href=\"https:\/\/udlguidelines.cast.org\/action-expression?utm_source=castsite&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;utm_content=aboutudl&amp;_gl=1*1538fcw*_ga*MjA2MTY5MTI1NC4xNjkyOTY5Nzc5*_ga_C7LXP5M74W*MTY5Mjk5NDg4NS4zLjEuMTY5Mjk5NDkyNy4wLjAuMA..\">Expression<\/a>. These principles provide a framework for educators to design instructional materials and strategies that address the variability of learners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Guidelines<\/h2>\n<p>Developed by CAST, the <a href=\"https:\/\/udlguidelines.cast.org\/?utm_source=castsite&amp;lutm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;utm_content=aboutudl&amp;_gl=1*ugqrbe*_ga*MjA2MTY5MTI1NC4xNjkyOTY5Nzc5*_ga_C7LXP5M74W*MTY5Mjk2OTc3OS4xLjEuMTY5Mjk3MDg0NC4wLjAuMA..\">UDL Guidelines<\/a> offer a set of concrete suggestions that can be applied to any discipline or domain to ensure that all learners can access and participate in meaningful, challenging learning opportunities. The UDL approach asks us to empathetically envision learning contexts. Consider this: Your student is post-traditional. He&#8217;s a combat veteran and a working, single-parent. The time he can devote to coursework is limited to two hours per evening. How can you use UDL course design to reduce pain points in navigation?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2024\/07\/udlg_graphicorganizer_v2-2_numbers-yes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11291\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2024\/07\/udlg_graphicorganizer_v2-2_numbers-yes-300x233.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"751\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2024\/07\/udlg_graphicorganizer_v2-2_numbers-yes-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2024\/07\/udlg_graphicorganizer_v2-2_numbers-yes-1024x794.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>CAST (2018). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.2. Retrieved from http:\/\/udlguidelines.cast.org<\/p>\n<h2>Implementing UDL Principles for Accessibility, Equity, and Inclusion<\/h2>\n                                            \n        \n    <div\n        id=\"provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Provide Simple and Consistent Course Navigation\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"provide-simple-and-consistent-course-navigation-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>Reduce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franklin.edu\/institute\/blog\/cognitive-load-theory-helping-students-learning-systems-function-more-efficiently\">cognitive load<\/a> to ensure that students are focusing on the content of your course rather than trying to decode a complex layout. One of the most important elements in efficient navigation is that students know where to start and how to find central course components. Consider these approaches to improve ease of navigation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Organize your course content chronologically<\/strong>: Consider the order in which students will encounter each text, lecture, quiz, essay, and project. Arrange them accordingly for each module, rather than grouping content by category. When content is housed in collections separate from the course sequence, it&#8217;s only clear to the organizer &#8211; leaving students searching through the course.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Create a consistent experience across modules<\/strong>: Consistency among modules in a course helps to establish familiarity with the course. When design elements are used repetitively, it increases predictability and intuitiveness for the learner. Use a module structure to cohesively &#8220;chunk&#8221; content, rather than a meandering list of folders and floating documents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Create a Course Tour<\/strong>: In your Welcome module, include a course tour video outlining main topics and major assignments. Most importantly, show the pathways learners will navigate by using screen capture. In Blackboard Ultra, the Panopto tool can be easily integrated into your course through Content Market.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CD 228 Course Tour\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pVTmpok77rU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Choose Carefully when Working with Color\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"choose-carefully-when-working-with-color-2-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>When using color to convey meaning, be sure to provide additional indicators of meaning. For example, if you were designing a list of &#8220;do&#8217;s&#8221; and &#8220;don&#8217;ts&#8221; using the corresponding colors of green and red, you would still need to incorporate a more definitive indicator. In this example, the use of checkmarks and X&#8217;s provides an additional layer of meaning beyond color coding, ensuring accessibility for\u00a0 colorblind learners and increasing clarity for all viewers.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, UDL goes beyond serving our students with disabilities. It improves understanding to the <strong>greatest extent possible in any situation by any person<\/strong>. So, UDL shares many of its aims with DEIB initiatives. The extent to which students can intuitively process content directly impacts their sense of belonging in a course.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9462 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Using-Color.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Using-Color.png 630w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Using-Color-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Ensure that Text is Screen-reader Accessible\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"ensure-that-text-is-screen-reader-accessible-3-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<h3>Proper Headings<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sighted learners are able to discern the main topics of\u00a0 a web page based on lettering that is emphasized by size or color.\u00a0 Screen-reader users can also appreciate important headings if they are formatted correctly. When creating documents, one of the most important accessibility features to consider is <strong>Headings<\/strong>. Select the text that should be formatted. On the <strong>Home<\/strong> ribbon, in your <strong>Styles<\/strong> palette, choose a heading.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9446 alignnone\" style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Headings.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"532\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Headings.png 414w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Headings-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pages should be structured using the proper Heading hierarchy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>Heading 1<\/strong>\u00a0is the main page title. It is the most important heading, and there should be just one. Heading 1 is normally in the largest font in the document.<\/li>\n<li>A<strong> Heading 2<\/strong> is a major section heading, smaller than Heading 1.<\/li>\n<li>A<strong> Heading 3<\/strong> is a sub-section of Heading 2 content, smaller than Heading 2, and so on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lower-degree headings should be contained within headings of the next highest degree. Do not skip heading levels, such as jumping to a <strong>Heading 4<\/strong> immediately after <strong>Heading 2<\/strong> content.<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<p>If you paste a full URL into a document, Word will automatically create a hyperlink. The text of a URL may not make sense to a screen reader user. So, instead of using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cast.org\/impact\/universal-design-for-learning-udl\">https:\/\/www.cast.org\/impact\/universal-design-for-learning-udl<\/a>, consider phrasing such as: &#8220;The CAST website provides useful information regarding the history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cast.org\/impact\/universal-design-for-learning-udl\">Universal Design<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>To create meaningful hyperlinks: Select the text you want linked, right click and choose <strong>Link<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9451 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Insert-Link.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Insert-Link.png 366w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Insert-Link-163x300.png 163w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Provide Alternative Descriptions for Graphic and Visual Elements\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"provide-alternative-descriptions-for-graphic-and-visual-elements-4-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<h3>Alternative text for images<\/h3>\n<p>Screen readers cannot \u201cread\u201d anything besides text, so images need to have some text attached to them. This is called alternative text. To add this:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Right-click\u00a0an image.<\/li>\n<li>Select <strong>Edit Alt Text<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Enter appropriate alt text (description and context of image) in the field.<\/li>\n<li>If an image is decorative only, check the &#8220;Mark as decorative&#8221; box instead of adding alt text.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9450 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Edit-Alt-Text.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"238\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Edit-Alt-Text.png 192w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Edit-Alt-Text-131x300.png 131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Caption Videos and Transcribe Audio Clips\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"caption-videos-and-transcribe-audio-clips-5-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>Providing multiple means of representation ensures cognitive reinforcement. When learners read and hear information simultaneously, their chances of storing that information greatly increase. Closed captioning is especially helpful for English Language Learner (ELL) students, who are able to read along while listening. This improves comprehension, introduces new vocabulary, and reinforces correct spelling. For more information on captioning and transcription, visit these helpful guides at <a href=\"https:\/\/help.blackboard.com\/Accessibility\/Caption_Video_Content\">Blackboard<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.panopto.com\/blog\/frequently-asked-questions-faqs-about-video-captioning-answered\/\">Panopto<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9473\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9473\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9473\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/panopto-captions.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/panopto-captions.png 650w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/panopto-captions-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">FAQs about Video Captioning (2023). Panopto. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.panopto.com\/blog\/frequently-asked-questions-faqs-about-video-captioning-answered\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Optimize Choice and Autonomy\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"optimize-choice-and-autonomy-6-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>While it&#8217;s necessary to predetermine learning objectives for our students, there&#8217;s nothing preventing us from offering them choices in how they navigate those objectives. When students get to choose how to deal with the contexts surrounding objectives, they develop a sense of self-determination and connectedness to learning. They tend to see more relevance and value in the process. This is because the human brain is wired for self-constructed learning. Provide choice on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the context or content used to practice and assess skills<\/li>\n<li>the tools used to gather information, create artifacts, or communicate<\/li>\n<li>the sequence or timing of tasks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"design-for-learning-variability-7\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('design-for-learning-variability-7', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"design-for-learning-variability-7-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"design-for-learning-variability-7-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Design for Learning Variability\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"design-for-learning-variability-7-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"design-for-learning-variability-7-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>Howard Gardner&#8217;s theory of Multiple Intelligence has become widely misinterpreted as isolated &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2013\/10\/16\/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles\/\">learning styles<\/a>,&#8221; reducing the complexity of situational learning and suggesting that individuals are locked into a specific mode of learning. Rather, what Gardner&#8217;s theory suggests is that each learner exhibits 7-10 distinct intelligences. So, learning isn&#8217;t just dynamic across groups; it&#8217;s dynamic within individuals. The misguided belief in singular learning &#8220;styles&#8221; only serves to reinforce notions of the brain as computer. Instead, we must consider the impact of context. A learner can be impacted by classroom dynamics, time of day, spatial concerns, test anxiety, changing perspectives over time, familial obligations &#8211; any kind of situational influence. Moreover, learning is deeply impacted by the subject, topic, and the student&#8217;s level of intrinsic motivation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Check out this CAST article to learn more about how the various parts of the brain work together in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cast.org\/binaries\/content\/assets\/common\/publications\/articles\/cast-udlandthebrain-20220228-a11y.pdf\">neuro-variability of learning<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>For extensive guidance on implementing UDL in your course, consult:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9488\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Reach-Everyone-Cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"492\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Reach-Everyone-Cover.png 492w, https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/files\/2023\/08\/Reach-Everyone-Cover-216x300.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/search-ebscohost-com.marshall.idm.oclc.org\/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=nlebk&amp;AN=1936511&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;ebv=EB&amp;ppid=pp_Cover\">Thomas J. Tobin, &amp; Kirsten T. Behling. (2018).\u00a0<i>Reach Everyone, Teach Everyone\u202f: Universal Design for Learning in Higher Education: Vol. First edition<\/i>. West Virginia University Press<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                Increase Mastery Oriented Feedback\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"increase-mastery-oriented-feedback-8-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p>Guide learning by emphasizing the role of <strong>effort and process<\/strong>. This approach encourages students to adopt a <a href=\"https:\/\/tll.mit.edu\/teaching-resources\/inclusive-classroom\/growth-mindset\/\">growth mindset<\/a>, where they believe that their abilities can develop through dedication and hard work. This mindset can lead to increased motivation and resilience in the face of challenges. Mastery-oriented feedback provides learners with the information and tools they need to assess their own performance and make informed decisions about their learning. Ultimately, this approach produces self-regulated learners, who can set goals, monitor their progress, and adjust their strategies as needed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        \n    <div\n        id=\"the-plus-one-approach-9\"\n        x-data=\"accordion('the-plus-one-approach-9', false)\"\n        class=\"rounded-lg overflow-hidden mb-2 transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-gray-50\"\n        x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'bg-white shadow-md' : 'bg-gray-50'\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"w-full flex justify-between items-center p-5 cursor-pointer border-0 text-left transition-all duration-300 ease-out bg-transparent outline-2 outline-transparent text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus:outline-green\"\n            x-on:click=\"expanded = !expanded\"\n            x-on:keydown.escape=\"expanded = false\"\n            x-bind:aria-expanded=\"expanded\"\n            x-bind:class=\"expanded ? 'text-green' : ''\"\n            id=\"the-plus-one-approach-9-button\"\n            aria-controls=\"the-plus-one-approach-9-panel\"\n                    >\n            <div class=\"text-left font-bold contrast-more:font-black tracking-wide text-base lg:text-lg hc:text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-900\">\n                The Plus-One Approach\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"ml-3\">\n                <svg class=\"h-5 w-5 transition-transform duration-300 ease-out stroke-gray-400 shrink-0\"\n                     x-bind:class=\"{ 'rotate-180': expanded }\"\n                     aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M19 9l-7 7-7-7\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <div\n            id=\"the-plus-one-approach-9-panel\"\n            role=\"region\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"the-plus-one-approach-9-button\"\n            x-show=\"expanded\"\n            x-collapse\n            x-cloak\n        >\n            <div class=\"text-gray-700  bg-white py-6 px-5 styled-list\">\n                \n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Not sure where to start with UDL? The UDL &#8220;Plus-One&#8221; Approach (Tobin and Behling 2018), offers instructors a practical way to start incrementally incorporating UDL into their practices. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plus-One Thinking<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,0&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Identify a barrier or \u201cpinch point\u201d your teaching. Identifying barriers is a crucial step in the intentional practice of UDL, as it aims to improve access and motivation for all learners.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What course concept do students routinely have trouble understanding?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Do you have an assignment that students struggle to complete successfully?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are some common questions that continually crop up?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,0&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use UDL\u2019s guidelines to consider <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">just one intentional <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">strategy<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">you could add to improve the pinch point. Use the strategies in the dropdowns above for ideas. For example:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Add one more means of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">engagement<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">For example, ask students to reflect on how an assignment relates to their personal or career goals to improve motivation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Add one more means of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">representation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. For example, provide written lecture notes alongside a video lecture of a difficult concept.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%2.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,4&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%2.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Add one more means of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">expression<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. For example, give students a choice to submit a written response or a video response on a discussion board.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:&#091;65533,0&#093;,&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Implement the strategy and evaluate its impact. Consider polling students for feedback.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">By incrementally adding UDL plus-ones to your teaching practices, you can build a more accessible and flexible learning environment for your students.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23975820 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23975820 BCX0\">Watch <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart CommentHighlightPipeRest CommentHighlightRest SCXW23975820 BCX0\">Tobin\u2019s video <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW23975820 BCX0\">to learn more about Plus-One Thinking<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23975820 BCX0\">\u2014an<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23975820 BCX0\">d his favorite plus-one strategies<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23975820 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW23975820 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"UDL at Scale 2026 Thomas Tobin ADEIL 3 UDL not accidental, plus-one thinking a starting point\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Hf4ensg0-2E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW190607999 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW190607999 BCX0\">Tobin, T. &amp; Behling, K. (2018). Reach everyone, teach everyone: Universal Design for Learning in higher education. West Virginia University Press.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW190607999 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2>Additional Faculty Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>To learn more about how to apply UDL in Higher Education environments, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/udloncampus.cast.org\/page\/udl_landing\">UDL in Higher Ed<\/a>. This site offers practical information about getting started, case stories of courses and programs that use UDL to improve student success and links to institutions that have embraced UDL initiatives.<\/li>\n<li>Not sure about how to identify and address &#8220;<strong>pain points<\/strong>&#8221; in your courses? Take a look at this <a href=\"https:\/\/li.wsu.edu\/2021\/04\/22\/simple-solutions-for-overcoming-pain-points\/\">helpful guide to overcoming three common pain points<\/a> in course design.<\/li>\n<li>Looking for an extensive checklist on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines? Consult the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/WCAG21\/quickref\/\">WCAG checklist<\/a> for the most up-to-date standards on web accessibility.<\/li>\n<li>Curious about the role that emotion plays in learning? Check out Allison Posey&#8217;s book: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ascd.org\/books\/engage-the-brain?variant=119015\">Engage the Brain: How to Design for Learning That Taps into the Power of Emotion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Framework The Disability Act (2005) defines Universal Design as: The design and composition of an environment so that it may be accessed, understood, and used to the greatest possible extent in the widest possible range of situations without the need for adaptation, modification, assistive devices or specialized solutions, by any persons. Universal Design for<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":996,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9405","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/996"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9405"}],"version-history":[{"count":108,"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11910,"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9405\/revisions\/11910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/design-center\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}